The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing an intellectual disability include three key areas:
A. Deficits in Intellectual Functioning
• Significant limitations in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.
• These deficits are confirmed through standardized intelligence tests (e.g., IQ tests). An IQ score of approximately 70 or below is typically indicative of intellectual disability.
B. Deficits in Adaptive Functioning
• Challenges in meeting age-appropriate cultural and social standards for personal independence and social responsibility.
• This includes difficulties in:
• Conceptual skills: Language, literacy, money, time, number concepts.
• Social skills: Interpersonal communication, empathy, social judgment.
• Practical skills: Personal care, job responsibilities, recreation, and managing daily life.
C. Onset During the Developmental Period
• The condition must emerge during childhood or adolescence, distinguishing it from cognitive impairments caused by acquired conditions like brain injuries.
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